Actually there is 16 tenses in English, but first you can understand these five basic English tenses before going to the next level. This is for beginners, for you who want to start learning English.

 

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1.   PRESENT FUTURE

      Keyword: Will

      Purpose: To stated something that will happen in the future

      Formula:

 a.      Verb Predicate

         (+)          S + will + V1              (He will study in Germany.)

         (-)           S + will + not + V1    (He will not study in Germany.)

         (Y/N?)   Will + s + V1              (Will he study in Germany?)

         (QW?)   QW + Will + s + V1   (Why will he study in Germany?)

  b.    Complement Predicate

         (+)   S + will be + C                        (Your cousin will be smart.)

         (-)   S + will + not + be + C            (Your cousin will not be smart.)

         (Y/N?)  Will + s + be + C               (will your cousin be smart?)

         (QW?)   QW + will + s + be + C    (Why will your cousin be smart?)

2.   PRESENT CONTINUOUS

      Keyword: in the process of something

      Purpose: To stated something that is happening now.

 Formula:

 a.      Verb Predicate

          (+)          S + am/is/are + Ving                (She is studying now.)

          (-)           S + am/is/are + not + Ving    (She is not studying now.)

          (Y/N?)   Am/is/are + s + Ving                (Is she studying now?)

          (QW?)   QW + Am/is/are + s + Ving   (Why is she studying now?)

  b.     Complement Predicate

         (+)          S + am/is/are + being + C                (He is being angry with me.)

         (-)           S + am/is/are + being + not + C    (He is not being angry with me.)

         (Y/N?)   Am/is/are + S +  being + C              (Is he being angry with me?)

         (QW?)   QW + am/is/are + S +  being + C  (Why is he being angry with me?)

3.   SIMPLE PAST

 Keyword: past

 Purpose: to tell something happened in the past.

 Formula:

a.      Verb Predicate

         (+)          S + V2                         (I went to Bali yesterday.)

         (-)           S + did + not + V1   (I did not go to Bali yesterday.)

         (Y/N?)   Did + s + V1              (Did I go to Bali yesterday?)

         (QW?)   QW + did + s + V1  (Why did I go to Bali yesterday?)

b.     Complement Predicate

             (+)          S + was/were + C                  (They were fat last year.)

             (-)           S + was/were + not + C       (They were not fat last year.)

             (Y/N?)   Was/were + s + C                  (Were they fat last year?)

             (QW?)   QW +  was/were + s + C     (Why were they fat last year?)

4.   PRESENT PERFECT

 Keyword: already

 Purpose: To stated something that has happened. In this tense the important thing is something has  happened, not about when it happened

 Formula:

 a.      Verb Predicate

          (+)          S + have/has + V3                 (He has bought a television.)

          (-)           S + have/has + not + V3      (He has not bought a television.)

          (Y/N?)   Have/has + s + V3                 (Has he bought a television?)

          (QW?)   QW + have/has + s + V3     (why has he bought a television?)

b.      Complement Predicate

         (+)          S + have/has + been + C                 (He has been crazy with football.)

         (-)           S + have/has + not +  been + C     (He has not been crazy with football.)

         (Y/N?)   Have/has + s + been + C                 (Has he been crazy with football?)

         (QW?)   QW + have/has + s + been + C     (When has he been crazy with football?)

5.   SIMPLE PRESENT

 Keyword: -

 Purpose: To stated repetitive habits, general/scientific truths, and current events.

 Formula:

 a.      Verb Predicate

         (+)          S + V1. The subject He, She, It, add S/es in V1     (He lives in Germany now)

         (-)           S + do/does + V1                                                    (He does not live in Germany.)

         (Y/N?)   Do/does + S + V1                                                    (Does he live in Germany?)

         (QW?)   QW + do/does + S + V1                                          (Why does he live in Germany?)

b.     Complement Predicate

         (+)   S + am/is/are + C                          (She is happy.)

         (-)   S + am/is/are + not + C                 (she is not happy.)

         (Y/N?)  Am/is/are + s + C                   (Is she happy?)

         (QW?)   QW + am/is/are + s + C        (Why is she happy?)

Sources:

http://mgbm88.blogspot.co.id/2014/02/lima-tenses-dasar-bahasa-inggris.html